Uncovering Hidden Figures: Lesser-Known Facts for Black History Month

In recognition of Black History Month, we're sharing some unsung heroes from our history.

Beyond Rosa Parks

Another key figure in the Montgomery Bus Boycott aided the Civil Rights Movement.

While Rosa Parks' refusal to cede her seat on the bus is rightly considered a defining moment in the Civil Rights Movement, Claudette Colvin, a 15-year-old Black student, had actually taken a similar stand nine months earlier. In 1955, Colvin was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white woman. However, due to her age and a past juvenile record, the NAACP chose not to pursue her case initially, focusing instead on Parks' case, where they felt they had better odds of success. Yet, Colvin's testimony played a crucial role in strengthening the legal case against segregation on buses. She continued to be actively involved in the movement, participating in protests, marches, and voter registration drives throughout her life. Her courage and activism, often overshadowed by Parks', paved the way for further challenges against racial injustice.

From Jazz to Hip-Hop

A pioneering musician helped shape rock-and-roll and influenced generations.

Sister Rosetta Tharpe, dubbed the "Godmother of Rock-and-Roll," fused gospel fire with secular energy. Her electrifying performances, blending guitar riffs, soulful vocals, and piano grooves, captivated audiences across racial lines. She embraced the electric guitar, a bold move that laid the groundwork for rock's iconic instrument. Collaborations with Louis Jordan blurred genre lines, influencing Elvis Presley and Chuck Berry. Her dynamic stage presence and powerful vocals further ignited the energy, inspiring future generations of rock and roll performers. Today, artists like Etta James and Lenny Kravitz recognize her enduring impact on popular music. Sister Rosetta's electrifying blend not only redefined music but also broke down cultural barriers, leaving an indelible mark on music history.

Unsung Heroes of Science

A mathematician was critical for the first and subsequent crewed spaceflight success.

Katherine Johnson, a mathematician at NASA, played a critical role in calculating the trajectories of the Apollo missions, including the one that landed the first humans on the moon. Despite facing racial and gender discrimination, she meticulously calculated flight paths, orbital mechanics, and re-entry angles, ensuring the astronauts' safe return. Her calculations were deemed essential by astronaut John Glenn, who famously requested her involvement after a computer malfunction raised concerns. Although often overlooked in historical accounts, Johnson's meticulous work and unwavering dedication were instrumental in one of humanity's greatest achievements.

Breaking Barriers in Literature A writer and civil rights activist garnered acclaim with the power of truth-telling.

James Baldwin, a prolific essayist and novelist, used his literary prowess to illuminate the harsh realities of race and identity in America. His novels, like "Go Tell It on the Mountain" and "Giovanni's Room," explored themes of racial prejudice, sexuality, and personal identity with unflinching honesty. His essays, including "Fire Next Time" and "Notes of a Native Son," addressed racial tensions and injustices with searing eloquence, sparking vital conversations about race and society. Through his writing, Baldwin challenged societal norms and gave voice to marginalized experiences, leaving an enduring legacy in American literature and social discourse.

Shattering Political Barriers

The person behind a series of firsts in American politics and beyond

Shirley Chisholm's name echoes through history as a pioneering politician who shattered racial and gender barriers. The first Black woman elected to the United States Congress in 1968, she defied stereotypes and blazed a trail for future generations. But Chisholm's impact goes beyond historic firsts. She was a fierce advocate for social justice, championing causes like economic equality, women's rights, and educational opportunities. Her fiery speeches and unwavering commitment to her principles earned her the nickname "Fighting Shirley." She dared to run for President of the United States in 1972, becoming the first major-party Black candidate. While her campaign didn't win the White House, it shattered barriers and inspired millions to believe in the impossible. Chisholm's legacy transcends borders. She remains an icon of hope and courage for aspiring politicians and activists worldwide. Her unwavering pursuit of justice continues to inspire generations to fight for a more equitable future.

Nobel Peace Prize

A social, environmental, and political activist fought for women's rights and food security

Wangari Maathai, a Kenyan environmental activist and Nobel Peace Prize laureate, spearheaded the Green Belt Movement, a grassroots initiative that planted millions of trees throughout Africa. Recognizing the link between environmental degradation and poverty, particularly affecting women, she rallied communities to plant trees, restoring degraded land, improving food security, and empowering women. Her movement transcended environmentalism, fostering peacebuilding, democracy, and gender equality. Maathai's vision and leadership inspired similar initiatives worldwide, earning her recognition as a champion for the environment and human rights.